礦用液壓挖掘機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)原理及故障分析

摘  要

隨著近年來露天煤礦的開發(fā)和開采，礦用液壓挖掘機(jī)也隨之發(fā)展。無論新建礦山還是老礦山技術(shù)改造，已采用液壓挖掘機(jī)。它具有重量輕、行動(dòng)速度快、機(jī)動(dòng)靈活、調(diào)度速度快、作業(yè)率高；售價(jià)低、投資少、機(jī)械更新快；傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)簡單、平穩(wěn)可靠、維修保養(yǎng)方便；操作省力、工作環(huán)境好；液壓元件壽命長、可靠性高等，比機(jī)械挖掘機(jī)又更多優(yōu)點(diǎn)。所以在露天開采中得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用，已經(jīng)成為了露天礦開采和生產(chǎn)中不可缺少的一部分機(jī)械，而在挖掘機(jī)的使用過程中，不免會(huì)發(fā)生一些故障和使用問題，因此，我們需要對(duì)其進(jìn)行具體分析，來減少故障的發(fā)生，保證挖掘機(jī)長時(shí)間工作，滿足煤礦生產(chǎn)的需要。

本文通過對(duì)挖掘機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)及液壓系統(tǒng)工作原理簡單分析，介紹了挖掘機(jī)的工作方法，及挖掘機(jī)對(duì)液壓系統(tǒng)的要求，并且介紹了挖掘機(jī)在工作中應(yīng)注意的各種事項(xiàng)，安全操作方法，也簡單的對(duì)挖掘機(jī)在使用過程中遇到的故障進(jìn)行分析并且排除，介紹了一些品牌挖掘機(jī)，這樣，可以對(duì)挖掘機(jī)有進(jìn)行更好的選擇。

   

關(guān)鍵詞：挖掘機(jī)；故障；排除；分析；維護(hù)

 

Abstract

Summary with the development and exploitation of open-pit coal mines in recent years, hydraulic excavator for mining is development. Technical transformation of both new mine and the old mine, had hydraulic excavators. It has a light weight, speed and flexibility of action, scheduling, speed, high operation rate; low price, low investment, mechanical updates faster; transmission system simple, smooth and reliable, easy maintenance; operation effort, good working environment; hydraulic components of long life and high reliability than mechanical excavators and much more. So has been widely used in open pit mining, has become an integral part of the open-pit mining and production machinery, and in the process of excavator used, some failures and use problems will inevitably occur, so we need to be specific analysis, to reduce the incidence of failure, ensure the excavator to work long hours, meeting the needs of mine production.      

This article by on excavator structure and the hydraulic system work principle simple analysis, describes has excavator of work method, and the excavator on hydraulic system of requirements, and describes has excavator in work in the should note of various matters, security operation method, also simple of on excavator in using process in the encountered of fault for analysis and excluded, describes has some brand excavator, such, can on excavator has for better of select.

Keywords: excavator; failure; clearing; analysis; maintain

目  錄

摘  要 I

Abstract II

第 1 章 礦用挖掘機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)和原理 1

1.1 挖掘機(jī)簡史 1

1.2 生產(chǎn)發(fā)展情況 2

1.3 液壓挖掘機(jī)的整機(jī)性能 2

1.3.1 動(dòng)力系統(tǒng) 3

1.3.2 機(jī)械系統(tǒng) 3

1.3.3 液壓系統(tǒng) 3

1.3.4 控制系統(tǒng) 3

1.4 挖掘機(jī)工作原理 4

1.5 挖掘機(jī)分類 4

1.6 挖掘機(jī)工作裝置 5

1.6.1 反鏟    5

1.6.2 反鏟斗 6

第 2 章 單個(gè)挖掘機(jī)液壓系統(tǒng) 8

2.1 基本要求 8

2.1.1 液壓系統(tǒng)要求 8

2.1.2 類型   9

2.2 雙泵雙回路定量系統(tǒng) 9

2.2.1 挖掘機(jī)的液壓系統(tǒng)原理圖 10

2.2.2 雙泵雙回路定量系統(tǒng)工作原理 11

2.3 液壓系統(tǒng)中幾種低壓回路的作用 12

第 3 章 液壓挖掘機(jī)常見故障實(shí)例分析及排除 13

3.1 機(jī)械故障實(shí)例 13

3.1.1 整機(jī)全部動(dòng)作故障 13

3.1.2 單個(gè)動(dòng)作故障 14

3.2 挖掘機(jī)不能啟動(dòng) 15

3.2.1 電氣系統(tǒng)故障 15

3.2.2 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)油路故障 15

3.3 液壓挖掘機(jī)工作無力 16

3.4 挖掘機(jī)行走跑偏 17

3.4.1 液壓泵故障 17

3.4.2 行走馬達(dá)安全閥漏油 17

3.4.3 挖掘機(jī)器向一側(cè)跑偏 17

3.5 液壓挖掘機(jī)液壓油的選用及更換 17

第 4 章 液壓挖掘機(jī)行走操作及注意事項(xiàng) 19

結(jié)論 21

致謝 22

參考文獻(xiàn) 23